بُلُوغُ الْمَرَامِ

Bulugh al-Maram

Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani (d. 852 AH)

وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيهِ أَوْ أَهْلِهِ , فَهُوَ عَاهِرٌ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ , وَاَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَصَحَّحَهُ , وَكَذَلِكَ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Jabir (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Any slave who marries without the permission of his masters or owners is (like) a fornicator." [Reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i and at-Tirmidhi; the latter graded it Sahih (authentic), as did Ibn Hibban].

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ : { لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ اَلْمَرْأَةِ وَعَمَّتِهَا , وَلَا بَيْنَ اَلْمَرْأَةِ وَخَالَتِهَا } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A man must not join together (in marriage to him) a woman and her paternal aunt or a woman and her maternal aunt." [Agreed upon].

وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ لَا يَنْكِحُ اَلْمُحْرِمُ , وَلَا يُنْكَحُ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ .‏ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لَهُ : { وَلَا يَخْطُبُ } [1]‏ .‏

Narrated 'Uthman (RA): Allah's Messneger (ﷺ) said: "One who is in Ihram may not marry, or be given in marriage." [Reported by Muslim]. In another narration by him it says: "He should not ask someone's hand in marriage."

وَزَادَ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ : { وَلَا يُخْطَبُ عَلَيْهِ } [1]‏ .‏

Ibn Hibban added: "nor give someone in engagement (to be married)."

وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ‏-رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏- قَالَ : { تَزَوَّجَ اَلنَّبِيُّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-مَيْمُونَةَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA): The Prophet (ﷺ) married Maimunah (RA) when he was in the state of Ihram (during pilgrimage). [Agreed upon].

وَلِمُسْلِمٍ : عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ نَفْسِهَا { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-تَزَوَّجَهَا وَهُوَ حَلَالٌ } [1]‏ .‏

Muslim reported from Maimunah (RA) herself: "The Prophet (ﷺ) married her when he was not in the state of Ihram."

وَعَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ إِنَّ أَحَقَّ اَلشُّرُوطِ أَنْ يُوَفَّى بِهِ , مَا اِسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ بِهِ اَلْفُرُوجَ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated 'Uqbah bin 'Aamir (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The most worthy conditions to be fulfilled are those by which you make sexual intercourse lawful for yourselves (in marriage)." [Agreed upon].

وَعَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ : { رَخَّصَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-عَامَ أَوْطَاسٍ فِي اَلْمُتْعَةِ , ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ , ثُمَّ نَهَى عَنْهَا } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Salamah bin al-Akwa' (RA): In the year of Autas, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) permitted Mut'a (temporary marriage) for three nights, then he prohibited (afterwards). [Reported by Muslim].

وَعَنْ عَلَيٍّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ : { نَهَى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-عَنْ اَلْمُتْعَةِ عَامَ خَيْبَرَ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated 'Ali (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade Mut'a (temporary marriage) in the year of Khaibar. [Agreed upon].

وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ : { لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-اَلْمُحَلِّلَ وَالْمُحَلَّلَ لَهُ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَالنَّسَائِيُّ , وَاَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَصَحَّحَهُ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Ibn Mas'ud (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) cursed the man who made a woman lawful for her first husband and the one for whom she was made lawful (the men involved in Halalah). [Reported by Ahmad, an-Nasa'i and at-Tirmidhi; the latter declared it to be Sahih (authentic)].

وَفِي اَلْبَابِ : عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَخْرَجَهُ اَلْأَرْبَعَةُ إِلَّا النَّسَائِيَّ [1]‏ .‏

al-Arba'a except an-Nasa'i reported something related to this matter, on the authority of 'Ali (RA).

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ لَا يَنْكِحُ اَلزَّانِي اَلْمَجْلُودُ إِلَّا مِثْلَهُ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ , وَرِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A man guilty of fornication, who has been flogged (for it), should not marry any but a woman like him (similarly guilty)." [Reported by Ahmad and Abu Dawud, and its narrators are reliable (thiqah)].

وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا , قَالَتْ : { طَلَّقَ رَجُلٌ اِمْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا , فَتَزَوَّجَهَا رَجُلٌ , ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا , فَأَرَادَ زَوْجُهَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا , فَسُئِلَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-عَنْ ذَلِكَ , فَقَالَ : "لَا .‏ حَتَّى يَذُوقَ اَلْآخَرُ مِنْ عُسَيْلَتِهَا مَا ذَاقَ اَلْأَوَّلُ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ , وَاللَّفْظُ لِمُسْلِمٍ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated 'Aishah (RA): A man divorced his wife by three pronouncements and another man married her and divorced her before cohabiting with her. Then, her first husband intended to remarry her and asked Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) about that. He said, "No, until the other one (second husband) has enjoyed sexual intercourse with her as the first (husband) had." [Agreed upon; the wording is Muslim's].

وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ‏- رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏- قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ اَلْعَرَبُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَكْفَاءُ بَعْضٍ , وَالْمَوَالِي بَعْضُهُمْ أَكْفَاءُ بَعْضٍ , إِلَّا حَائِكٌ أَوْ حَجَّامٌ } رَوَاهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ , وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ رَاوٍ لَمْ يُسَمَّ , وَاسْتَنْكَرَهُ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Ibn 'Umar (RA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The Arabs are equal to one another and the Mawali (Non-Arabs, and originally former slaves) are equal to one another, except a weaver or a cupper." [Reported by al-Hakim, but there is a nameless narrator in its chain of narration; Abu Hatim graded it Munkar (rejected)].

وَلَهُ شَاهِدٌ عِنْدَ اَلْبَزَّارِ : عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ بِسَنَدٍ مُنْقَطِعٍ [1]‏ .‏

It has a supporting narration reported by al-Bazzar from Mu'adh bin Jabal with a Munqati' (broken) chain.

وَعَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ ; أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ لَهَا : { اِنْكِحِي أُسَامَةَ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Fatimah (RA), the daughter of Qais: The Prophet (ﷺ) told her, "Marry Usamah." [Reported by Muslim].

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ : { يَا بَنِي بَيَاضَةَ , أَنْكِحُوا أَبَا هِنْدٍ , وَانْكِحُوا إِلَيْهِ" وَكَانَ حَجَّامًا } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ , وَالْحَاكِمُ بِسَنَدٍ جَيِّدٍ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA): The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "O Sons of Bayada', marry to Abu Hind (someone of your women) and marry from his women (i.e. his daughters), (even though) he was a cupper. [Abu Dawud and al-Hakim reported it with a Jayyid (good) chain of narrators].

وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ : { خُيِّرَتْ بَرِيرَةُ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا حِينَ عَتَقَتْ } .‏ مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated 'Aishah (RA): Barirah was given her choice regarding her husband (to remain with him or separate) when she was freed. [Agreed upon; it is a part of a long Hadith].

وَلِمُسْلِمٍ عَنْهَا : { أَنَّ زَوْجَهَا كَانَ عَبْدًا } [1]‏ .‏

Muslim has from 'Aishah (RA): "Her husband was a slave."

وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْهَا : { كَانَ حُرًّا } .‏ وَالْأَوَّلُ أَثْبَتُ [1]‏ .‏

Another narration from her has: "He was a free man." The first (narration) is more well established.

وَصَحَّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عِنْدَ اَلْبُخَارِيِّ ; أَنَّهُ كَانَ عَبْدًا [1]‏ .‏

It has been authentically reported from Ibn 'Abbas (RA) by al-Bukhari: "...that he was a slave".

وَعَنِ اَلضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ فَيْرُوزَ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ , عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : { قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ! إِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ وَتَحْتِي أُخْتَانِ , فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-" طَلِّقْ أَيَّتَهُمَا شِئْتَ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَالْأَرْبَعَةُ إِلَّا النَّسَائِيَّ , وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ , وَاَلدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ , وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ , وَأَعَلَّهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated ad-Dahhak bin Fairuz ad-Dailami on the authority on the authority of his father (RA): I said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) , I have accepted Islam and I am married to two sisters." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)then said, "Divorce whichever of them you wish." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a, except an-Nasa'i. Ibn Hibban, ad-Daraqutni and al-Baihaqi graded it Sahih (authentic) but al-Bukhari considered it defective].

وَعَنْ سَالِمٍ , عَنْ أَبِيهِ , { أَنَّ غَيْلَانَ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ أَسْلَمَ وَلَهُ عَشْرُ نِسْوَةٍ , فَأَسْلَمْنَ مَعَهُ , فَأَمَرَهُ اَلنَّبِيُّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-أَنْ يَتَخَيَّرَ مِنْهُنَّ أَرْبَعًا } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَاَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ , وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ , وَالْحَاكِمُ ، وَأَعَلَّهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ , وَأَبُو زُرْعَةَ , وَأَبُو حَاتِمٍ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Salim on the authority if his father: Ghailan bin Salamah accepted Islam and he had ten wives who accepted Islam along with him. So, the Prophet (ﷺ) commanded him to, "Choose four of them." [Reported by Ahmad and at-Tirmidhi. Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic); but al-Bukhari, Abu Zur'ah and Abu Hatim considered it defective].

وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ‏- رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏- قَالَ : { رَدَّ اَلنَّبِيُّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-اِبْنَتَهُ زَيْنَبَ عَلَى أَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ اَلرَّبِيعِ , بَعْدَ سِتِّ سِنِينَ بِالنِّكَاحِ اَلْأَوَّلِ , وَلَمْ يُحْدِثْ نِكَاحًا } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَالْأَرْبَعَةُ [1]‏ إِلَّا النَّسَائِيَّ , وَصَحَّحَهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَالْحَاكِمُ [2]‏ .‏

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA): The Prophet (ﷺ) returned his daughter Zainab (RA) to [her husband] Abul-'Aas bin ar-Rabi' (RA) based upon the first marriage, after six years (of separation), and he did not perform a new marriage. [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a except an-Nasa'i. Ahmad and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].

وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ , عَنْ أَبِيهِ , عَنْ جَدِّهِ { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-رَدَّ اِبْنَتَهُ زَيْنَبَ عَلَى أَبِي الْعَاصِ بِنِكَاحٍ جَدِيدٍ } قَالَ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ : حَدِيثُ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَجْوَدُ إِسْنَادًا , وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated 'Amr bin Shu'aib on his father's authority from his grandfather: The Prophet (ﷺ) returned his daughter Zainab (RA) to [her husband] Abul-'Aas (RA) by a new marriage. [at-Tirmidhi said, "The Hadith of Ibn 'Abbas (RA) is better than 'Amr's Hadith in consideration of the chains of narrators. However, that which is being observed in practice is 'Amr bin Shu'aib's Hadith"].

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